A Trip to an Unfamiliar Place

Adwoa An Adu 10/1/12 English 101 Final Draft A Trip to a new spot everything began when I was called to see the head of my school (secondary school), we were really five young ladies included and we were going to England since we had a trade program with a school in Kent, England called the Weald of Kent Grammar School for young ladies. I was so energized in light of the fact that it was my first time traveling outside Africa and it had a decent effect on me. On the whole, we were around thirty understudies picked and these understudies ought to be acceptable scholastically and furthermore have great morals.Before we left for England there were a ton of arrangements we did while we were motel school, we took in some new moves, sonnets in French and different tongues in my nation Ghana, this piece of learning moves was amusing in light of the fact that it was so difficult for since I am not a decent artist but rather I endured toward the end. We additionally learnt different societies since we would have a few introductions in the school and we didn’t overlook sicknesses that are slaughtering Africans like Malaria, AIDS, Tuberculosis, etc, we did investigates on these when we returned home on an extended get-away. We returned to class from our get-away with our baggage prepared to leave for England.From school to the air terminal was extremely exhausting, it was about an hour and thirty minutes’ drive, we left school around 6pm and showed up at the air terminal 8:30pm our plane was taking off at 12 PM so we stayed nearby the air terminal for two or three hours. My father was there with so was different guardians with their little girls. I had blended emotions at the time my father was there till he left since I was tragic and the way that I was leaving him and cheerful in light of the fact that I was going to a spot I had never been. We checked in at 10pm and the plane took off at 12 midnight.It was exhausting in the plane so I dozed from Ghana to Morocco where we made a travel and we took another plane from Morocco to London Airport where the Weald of Kent young ladies picked us from they took us to their school and we met the families we would live with I met my own family as well and we went to their home. My first day with them was an inclination I can’t truly express with words however I will say I was timid since I hadn’t come into contact with British or the Whites before yet after my third day I coexisted well with them and felt upbeat living with my new family, they were brilliant people.Except for a considerable length of time, each morning I went to class with Laura and Laura was the understudy I had come to live with her family. My first day at Weald of Kent Grammar School was energizing since as a matter of first importance, I was wondered about the site of the school excellent structure it was and the grass are kept short and clean. Classes with them was incredible, we had a Social Studies and Japa nese classes and I cherished it I took in some new words in Japanese language. We had classes the primary week from Monday to Friday and toward the end of the week I went through at home with my family.The one week from now we went with the head of the school to visit the city of London we went to the Buckingham Palace where the Queen of England lived, there were many individuals around in light of the fact that a procession was being held before the castle. From that point we proceeded to see the London Eye it’s a tremendous Ferris arranged on the River Thames in England, we additionally traveled on the River Thames it was fun and a decent encounter. We likewise took a few pictures before the Westminster Abbey this is a university church of St Peter, an extremely huge one arranged in the city of Westminster my loved ones adored the photos when I demonstrated it to them back in Ghana.There were a ton of extraordinary thing we saw like the check Tower in Westminster, the Tower of London, excellent shopping centers where we shopped in certainty I truly had a ball with my partners. In the subsequent week, Thursday absolutely, we returned to class and I went to a French class which we viewed a film we were to break down, I cherished it so much and the explanation that caused me to make the most of their classes is their method of educating and learning, it’s sublime, simple to follow the instructor, straightforward and it’s alright to solicit questions.They have a great deal from offices that makes learning simpler contrasted with my school in Africa where we don’t get such chances yet on the off chance that we adjusted such procedures will make going to class fun and simple. On Friday night, a goodbye service was held at the school premises since we were leaving the following day on that night we did some African moves, discussed African sonnets, some social introductions and they additionally gave us a few exhibitions since it was a t rade program.When I returned home that Friday night, I pressed all my stuff prepared for tomorrow I was tragic yet I invested some energy with the family we discussed Ghana contrasted with England and the wished to visit one day. The following morning we as a whole met at the school and a transport took us to the air terminal, to be sure this outing was an entirely important one which is consistently in my recollections particularly as a result of the manner in which the instructors at the school educated and how they instructed us to learn changed my observation about learning and that was a generally excellent effect it had on me and I wish to go out traveling to England the subsequent time.

Books the Obamas Should Write

Books the Obamas Should Write As the departure of the United States 44th President draws year, many of us lament. From Baracks dad jeans and Thanksgiving puns to Michelles dynamite gowns and inspiring arms, the first black First Family will be sorely missed.  But let us not despair of what we lose, but rejoice in what we could gain! With a sudden wealth of free time, think of the books the Obamas  could write. Seriously. Think about them: The Audacity of Nope: Dealing with an Obstructionist Congress  by Barack Obama My Anger Translator and Me: True Confessions of Keeping My Composure  by Barack Obama I Look Pretty Good Now, Dont I: A Memoir by Barack Obama Confirm My F***ing Nominees by Barack Obama (narrated by Samuel L. Jackson) The High Road  by Michelle Obama Still Hoopin: Barrys Guide to Dunkin on Trump  by Barack Obama A House Built By Slaves: The History of Slavery and Our Nations Capital  by Michelle Obama A History of Kenya by Barack Obama (With the dedication: For Donald) First Closet, a photograph book  by Michelle Obama, with essays from fashion experts and Michelle herself Barry and Joe: The Worlds Best Buddies, a picture book by Barack Obama  and Joe Biden Who Run The World by Michelle Obama (intro by Beyonce) Kids in the Oval: Photos of My Favorite Constituents by Barack Obama Thanks, Obama! by  Sasha and Malia Obama

The Reason For The Change - 1190 Words

The reason for the change in seasons is the tilt of the earth’s axis. It is not because of the earth’s distance from the sun like many people think. In the northern hemisphere, during winter, we are closer to the sun which is opposite of what most people assume. While the northern hemisphere is experiencing summer, the southern hemisphere is experiencing winter and vice versa. The sun is actually closer to the earth during the winter and farther away during the summer. Rotation is when something turns with a circular movement around a central point. Revolution is the path of the earth around the sun or one complete cycle of orbit around the sun. When the earth is revolving, it is going through the days and the year. One full cycle of a†¦show more content†¦During the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, is when there is equal amounts of light and darkness. The sun rises and sets at due east and due west. On the first day of fall in Cleveland, the sun will rise at 7:15am and it will set at 7:23pm. On the first day of winter in Cleveland, the sun will rise at 7:50am and will set at 5:00pm. I learned a lot from this exercise, I learned that the change of the seasons is not exactly what I thought it was. I learned the difference between the earth’s revolution and rotation which was very interesting. I also learned when the shortest and longest days of the year happen. It was a very informative exercise to do. The hydrosphere is all of the waters on the earth’s surface, it includes lakes, seas and more. The ocean itself, covers over 70% of the surface of earth. Around 2% is accounted for in the shape of glaciers and ice caps. There is a lot of water on earth. It makes me wonder why there are places going through dry spells if there is that much water that is on our planet. The way water moves in the water cycle is â€Å"The sun, which drives the water cycle, heats water in the oceans. Some of it evaporates as vapor into the air; a relatively smaller amount of moisture is added as ice and snow sublimate directly from the solid state into vapor. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmosphere, along with water from evapotranspiration, which is water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil. The vapor rises

Sexual Fulfillment in Chopins Awakening - 878 Words

Society keeps order, allows for advancement, and gives humanity a good face. It also imposes morals, roles, and limits a persons potential development. If someone wishes to reach beyond what society expects of them, they must cast aside social restrictions. Edna Pontellier, in Kate Chopins The Awakening, feels the urge to cast off the veil society burdens her with and live as she chooses to. The driving factor behind her desire to awaken is her lack of sexual fulfillment. She lives her life following conduct becoming of a woman who marries into the Creole elite of New Orleans. While her husband, Leacute;once, adores her, she does not truly love him and their relationship appears platonic. Robert, a young paramour, woos Edna and†¦show more content†¦nbsp; Robert presents himself as a solution to the lack of romantic love in Ednas life. A young, nice looking man, he spends his summer devoted to Edna. She likes his attention and his adoring manner draws her to him. As they spend more time together, he begins to sing her songs and recite romantic poetry. This romantic aspect fills a void in her life. For the first time, she recognized the symptoms of infatuation which she had felt incipiently as a child, as a girl in her early teens, and later as a young woman (45). Robert gives her the picture perfect, model, swept off her feet in love romance that she direly needs. However, he soon retires to Mexico for a business venture and leaves Edna to pine for him in his absence. While he is gone, Edna thinks constantly of Robert and begs Mademoiselle Reisz to allow her to read the letter Robert sends. Devastated, she finds no mention of her name in the letter. When Robert finally returns, he pays little attention to her and again dep arts, telling her he is leaving because he loves her. She writhed with a jealous pang. She wondered when he would come back. He had not said he would come back. She had been with him, had heard his voice and touched his hand. But some way he had seemed neared to her off there in Mexico (103). While Robert helped awaken Ednas sexuality, he left her again, and she now knew the true joys and pains ofShow MoreRelatedThe Unique Style Of Kate Chopin s Writing1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe unique style of Kate Chopin’s writing has influenced and paved the way for many female authors. Although not verbally, Kate Chopin aired political and social issues affecting women and challenging the validity of such restrictions through fiction. Kate Chopin, a feminist in her time, prevailed against the notion that a woman’s purpose was to only be a housewife and nothing more. Kate Chopin fortified the importance of women empowerment, self-expression, self-assertion, and female sexua lity throughRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1135 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play, â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen, and the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, the two protagonists named Nora Helmer and Edna Pontillier depict feminist ideals during the Victorian era in their struggle for independence, both sexually and emotionally. Nora and Edna are feminists in the late 1800s, trapped in an era and a society dictated by men. Both works parallel together and are significant because they show how Edna and Nora awaken, as their roles and self-realization progressRead More The Writing Style and Beliefs of Kate Chopin Essay example2035 Words   |  9 Pagesshe draws stunning and intelligent characters in a rich and bold writing style that was not accepted because it was so far ahead of its time. 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Kate Chopin was an author best known for her strong leading femaleRead MoreThe Co Existence Of Feminism And Naturalism1625 Words   |  7 PagesClaire Schenken Mr. Carroll English IV AP 20 October 2014 The Co-Existence of Feminism and Naturalism in The Awakening As the book that simultaneously killed Kate Chopin’s career and synthesized traditional literary features, such as romanticism, with their new opponents feminism and naturalism, The Awakening bares a weighted name. The Victorian-era setting in which it was also written can be greatly accredited to these ideas, as the influx of new ideas regarding society, gender roles, and humanRead MoreAn Analysis Of Kate Chopin s Chopin 1690 Words   |  7 Pagesrather traditional life as a housewife until her husband’s untimely death, which significantly changed the course of her life. Chopin s career as a writer actually began when she started facing financial struggles due to the death of her husband. 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In her short story entitled â€Å"The Awakening†, there is a strong theme of female rebellion against societal norms. While Adrienne Rich has developed a very serious poem through â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers.† The protagonist in her poem lacks the strength that Edna Pon tellier possesses to overcome her own oppression. â€Å"The Awakening† fell under heavy criticism by many analysts when the book was published in the late 1890’s. Within theRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1193 Words   |  5 PagesDavian Hart The Awakening By: Kate Chopin AP Literature Topic 3 Hart 1 Over the course of time the male species has always been the gender to attain the more favorable conditions. Numerous cultures heed to the belief that the man is the provider and head of his family. This machismo nature can condition the mind to believe that a man should feel superior to a woman. The continuous cycle of male superiority flows down from father to son subconsciously. Do to this unceasingRead MoreWhat Is Edna Pontelliers Symbolism InThe Awakening?1120 Words   |  5 Pages Page 1 of 3 ZOOM In Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, the main character, Edna Pontellier surrenders something extremely important: her life. She becomes very self-aware and secretly stands for women being independent from common gender roles and expectations, later realizing that society wants the exact opposite. This highlights several of Edna’s values, including her freedom, her art, and her sexuality.Throughout the novel, Edna Pontellier finds herself being held back because of

Behaviorism Time Line and Today’s World Free Essays

Introduction Behaviorism, as a theory evolved from around 1930 and fell out of favor around 1960. Here the topic will look at the linear existence of behaviorism in reference to the discipline of psychology, as well as the main influential persons that raised the theory from its infancy to its heights as to the contributions each made. In conclusion, relevance to what is still in use to day as residual as well as what differences have happened: what has changed and what has stayed the same. We will write a custom essay sample on Behaviorism Time Line and Today’s World or any similar topic only for you Order Now This investigation of the actual time line in comparison with the various groupings of the base theory as it evolved into various sub-groupings will be looked at particularly. Behaviorism Time Line and Today’s World To have an idea of the theories involving behaviorism, it becomes crucial to know and understand the vocabulary and background of the terms and theories of the topic being discussed. This is a brief introduction of the theory of behaviorism, as it will be discussed and dissected here in. The evolution of this theory as well as contributions by its various champions will be looked at in a sort of time line to see what has been retained and what has been discarded over time. Behaviorism is the idea of all learned behaviors find genesis in specific conditioning; and that this conditioning occurs with interaction with the environment (Cherry, 2009). Behaviorism also purports systematic and observable study with little or no consideration of internal mental states (Cherry, 2009). Behaviorism can be broken into two distinct areas, being: classical and operant conditioning (Cherry, 2009). Classical conditioning consists of pairing a naturally occurring stimulus with a response, followed by the transference of the relationship to a formerly neutral stimulus, thus causing the reaction to the newly transferred stimulus relationship (Goodwin, 2008). Operant conditioning on the other hand consists of the relationship of either a reward or consequence regarding certain behaviors (Goodwin, 2008). This is also referred to as instrumental conditioning and revolves around the consequences of actions taken. Behaviorism can trace its roots to the empiricism idea of classical association pioneered by John Locke and David Hume as an idea loosely tossed about shortly before the 20th century in consideration of learning in animals and humans linking mental states and perceptual influences (O’Donell, 1986). The earliest reference to behaviorism as an idea in consideration though comes from 1863 when Ivan Sechenov published a paper titled Reflexes of the Brain, where a concept of the mind’s responses being inhibited in the central nervous system instead of the brain itself occurs (Cherry, 2009). Even with this evidenced, the solidification of behaviorism would occur with the publication of the behavioral manifesto by John Watson in 1913 ushered in the realm of behaviorism that flourished from around 1930 until 1960, when it fell out of favor (O’Donell, 1986). The time line genesis is associated with Watson’s manifesto, but other prominent scientists had pending works in place before, such as Pavlov with his classical conditioning research, officially starting around 1910 (Babkin, 1949). This researcher worked with canines in reference to classical conditioning and behavior modification in Russia, and then the Soviet Union as it fell to socialism, which seemed the lesser of two evils: the other being Nazi Germany (Babkin, 1949). His work was bolstered by the bolshevik regime at this time, who thought it would be a good tool for controlling their massive population to keep them in order and so funded Pavlov’s research lavishly (Babkin, 1949). Edward Thorndike published his work Animal Intelligence, which lead to the theory of operant conditioning later in the realm of behaviorism (O’Donell, 1986). Thorndike also went on to carry out the first major scientific study of the adult learner and the learning process used by adults in 1928, and so formulating his theory of learning (Odonell, 1986). Kurt Lewin developed his theories on group behavior in 1946, working with T-groups in research with mob behavior and how it occurs, forming experimental theories still in use today by most counts (Lewin, 1964). Lewin worked with prejudicial situations spurred by social normality and group behavior in terms of group-think and mob behavior (Lewin, 1964). The ways groups interact and process as individual entities were the specialty he followed in his theories and assumptions, and became a pivotal expert in the situations of the 1960s with Negro aggression, warfare revolts, and the rights movements to name a few of the situational events of the time (Lewin, 1964). Later, Skinner worked on the theory of operant behavior, with its schedules of reinforcement: fixed ratio schedule; variable ratio schedule; fixed interval schedule; and variable interval schedule (Cherry, 2009). Skinner was best known for his idea that the consequences of a behavior determine the probability of its recurrence (O’Donell, 1986). In 1948, he published Walden 2, in which he described a behaviorist principally based utopian society, and in 1971, he published again, arguing that free will is an illusion in his book Beyond Freedom and Dignity (Cherry, 2009). It becomes clear, the radicalism of Skinner in statements such as that the ultimate goals of behavioral psychology should be to predict and control behavior (Goodwin, 2008). Operant conditioning was his realm of work, separating conditioning into S and R types, where S is Pavlovian conditioning and R is where a behavior is emitted and a reactive consequence it given as a reward or punishment (Goodwin, 2008). With a stricter methodology his schedules of reinforcement would be repeatable and so fall more into the scientific methods, which was a new way to proceed in psychology research to that time in eliminating explanatory fiction (Goodwin, 2008). Edward Tolman was a cross of the empirical research and the logical positivism, using theory to form predictions to be vetted out in research (Goodwin, 2008). Being goal-directed in his research, Tolman ideally thought of his methods as paralleling the subject’s ultimate goals so he was able to follow in same (Goodwin, 2008). In this pursuit though, things happen to influence these goals, and Tolman labeled these as intervening variables (Goodwin, 2008). Cognitive mapping was a contribution of Tolman; as was the downplay of latent learning (Goodwin, 2008). He argued with the ideas of Clark Hull on nearly every point possible, believing in cognitive maps for children to influence their abilities to learn both academically as well as in the real world in terms of tools they could take and keep in their lives (Goodwin, 2008). A lot of these people can not really be placed on a linear time line because they contributed several points to the evolution of behaviorism. The contributions come from a standpoint of little background followed by research and data compilation in a collective knowledge base. Behaviorism has been declining in popularity for several years, or even decades as the philosophy of the cognitive theory changes through experimentation and hypothetical ideas rendered based on observations and speculations alike. Behaviorism started as a method to understand the way actions are taken and why they are done so. Behaviorist psychologists tended to â€Å"mechanize† the process, taking out of the scope the free will affect as well as that of decision on the part of the participant or subject of studies (Kassin, 2008). This can be seen in terms of either over-simplification of the mental processes or simplification of the tests for plausibility (Kassin, 2008). To this end, it can be seen how the testing apparatus put in place for conducting such experimentation holds true in its function and viability, so the actions and testing results are still affective, although interpreted differently as to data extracted from such experimentation (O’donell, 1986). The tests and ideas found and exemplified by these pioneers of behaviorism still ring true, and can be used today, but in different context. The mechanistic procedures held strenuously at the time though are both outdated as the more complex background information is discovered as well as methodologies used in light of the neo-behaviorism that followed referencing some animal to human references (Roediger, 2010). The principles have stayed the same, but the application and reliance has changed due in part to diversity and the simple will to differentiate the various peoples of the world. Today, reflecting back on the age of behaviorism, we can still use some of the principles of behaviorism in terms of treatment of bad behavior as well as understanding why this occurs. In the time of the behaviorists though, thoughts of utopian societies with everyone acting in unison, predicted and anticipated was just too mechanized for society to swallow, and guarantee freedom at the same time(Roediger, 2010). Today, behavior analysis is often used in various therapeutic techniques for all kinds of situations of behavioral situations such as to help children with autism with developmental delays to acquire new skills needed in the world for example. Advances in medical science research tools as well as cognitive theories and treatment overshadow behaviorism as it has starting in the 1950’s from that of strictly observational to that of scientifically tested and verified facts in modern cognitive behavioral theories: simplistic boxes and pointers in references to thought processes of the day seem simplistic and abstract compared to today’s brain scans for mapping cognizant processes in the advance of science in the roles of psychology research (Roediger, 2010). Behaviorism was never really proven wrong or accused of this, but rather drifted away due to its inability to modernize in relation to today’s research tools and abilities of examining what is really happening (Roediger, 2010). the learning history associated with behaviorism simply is not relevant to today’s cognizant theorists, and is either compartmentalized, or ignored all together as unimportant (Roediger, 2010). Babkin, B. P. (1949). Pavlov: a biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Cherry, K. , (2009). What is behaviorism? Retrieved May 15, 2010 from http://psychology. bout. com/od/behavioralpsychology/f/behaviorism. htm Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A history of modern psychology (3rd ed. ). John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kassin, S. (2008). Psychology in Modules-ORG 5002, Survey of Psychology II. Pearson Custom Publishing. Boston, MA. Lewin, K. (1964). T-group theory and laboratory method. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. O’Donell, J. (1986). Origins of behavio rism. New York University Press. Roediger, R. (2010). What happened to Behaviorism? Retrieved May 15, 2010 from http://www. psychologicalscience. org/observer/getArticle. cfm? id=1540 How to cite Behaviorism Time Line and Today’s World, Essays

“Catcher in the Rye” and “Rebel without a cause” Essay Essay Example

â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† and â€Å"Rebel without a cause† Essay Paper When one both reads Catcher in the Rye and sees Rebel Without a Cause. he or she can’t aid but inquire if the authors. Nicholas Ray and J. D. Salinger. someway knew each other. or if one author copied the thoughts of the other. Jim Stark and Holden Caulfield. the two chief characters of the narratives. have so much in common that if they of all time met one another. they would instantly go friends. The chief subject that applies to both plants is adolescent rebellion. Holden and Jim seem to acquire into problem frequently. which affects many different facets of their lives. including their friends. household. school. location. and self-image. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† and â€Å"Rebel without a cause† Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† and â€Å"Rebel without a cause† Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† and â€Å"Rebel without a cause† Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Holden’s and Jim’s parents have really similar attitudes towards their kids. They both appear to botch their kids indefinitely. a common show of parents during the 1950’s. Jim’s male parent mentioned that he bought Jim everything he wants. including a auto and bike. Holden said that his female parent had late sent ice skates to his school for him. Besides. both parents show embarrassment of their children’s delinquent behaviour. Neither Jim’s nor Holden’s male parents are good function theoretical accounts for their boies. Jim feels that his male parent is cowardly. weak. and a poulet. Holden’s male parent isn’t of all time about. since Holden is ever at one get oning school or another. Furthermore. both boies feel misunderstood by their parents. The major difference between Holden’s and Jim’s households is that Holden’s parents trade with his jobs by directing him off to prep schools. whereas Jim’s parents seek to be more involved in their son’s life and travel with him from town to town. A minor difference in their households is that Jim is an lone kid. but Holden has three siblings. Holden does non truly hold any friends. He invariably criticizes and complains about the people he interacts with. seldom has anything positive to state about them. and does non see anyone his existent friend. Jim tries to do friends with the childs at his new school. but merely succeeds in deriving two existent 1s. Plato. who is a societal castaway at school. leaps at the opportunity to go Jim’s friend. Judy. nevertheless. makes merriment of Jim with her friends until her fellow. Buzz. is killed. Then. she seeks comfort in Jim and they fall in love. Both the Jim and Holden feel like castawaies. which is a major portion of their rebellion. However. where Jim tries to suit in and is rejected by his equals. Holden does non do such efforts and he is the 1 who rejects his schoolmates. Neither Holden nor Jim fit into their schools. Holden has a batch of academic jobs. although he appears to be a reasonably intelligent male child. Jim. on the other manus. has societal jobs. In his old schools. he had a inclination to crush up childs for naming him poulet. He besides feels the demand to maintain his award. and hence take part in the â€Å"chickie fight† against Buzz. which leads to Buzz’s decease. Holden seems to set in really small to no attempt in his school assignment and adjustment in. He doesn’t truly care that he flunks out of his categories. Jim’s academic life wasn’t truly portrayed in the movie. but he did seek to suit in. When he was scolded for walking over the school’s insignia. he felt really regretful about it. Therefore. Jim is non ever deliberately rebellious. but Holden’s rebellion is calculated. Jim’s and Holden’s emotional confusion affect their lives likewise. Both are highly misunderstood by both the populace and their ain households. Although they appear to be rebellious and tough. both have a more sensitive inside. They suffer from disaffection from their households and equals. but Jim decidedly strives towards credence while Holden does non. If Catcher in the Rye had been made into a film. James Dean would hold been the perfect histrion to play the portion of Holden. since his portraiture of Jim was so precise.

What Legitimizes Authority essays

What Legitimizes Authority essays What is authority? In the most basic sense it is the power to command or order. Power is associated with authority. For many, power is the ability to get something done even when there is an opposing force. When asking the question what legitimizes authority it is believed that the consent of the people legitimizes it. When one thinks of authority the government comes into mind. The government holds the authority to execute laws. Jean Jacques Rousseau believes that the government should be based on equality for everyone. Authority can be created through force. Rousseau has established an idea of the General Will. This concept proposes a sort of guideline for communities. Every member of a community has to work to uphold the General Will, so then sovereignty lies within the people of the community and the government. There must be a mutual agreement between authorities and the governed. This means that the governed have agreed to be ruled only so their rulers protect their happiness, property, and rights. Everything must be mutual in society from law to legislator. Rousseau believes that everyone is born free, but all around us are chains. Freedom is a natural condition for human beings. Rousseau explains that our appetites and desires drive us all but at the same time we are also driven to become self- governing and self disciplined people. Authority could be seen as the root of this thought. The philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli believes that it is the seizure of an opportunity that is presented that leads to the position of authority. One must always create a careful and solid plan against his enemy in order to be in authority. In a basic sense one should not hesitate. Authority is created by the powerful. ...